activitypub-academy/app/services/fetch_link_card_service.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

class FetchLinkCardService < BaseService
  URL_PATTERN = %r{
    (                                                                                                 #   $1 URL
      (https?:\/\/)                                                                                   #   $2 Protocol (required)
      (#{Twitter::Regex[:valid_domain]})                                                              #   $3 Domain(s)
      (?::(#{Twitter::Regex[:valid_port_number]}))?                                                   #   $4 Port number (optional)
      (/#{Twitter::Regex[:valid_url_path]}*)?                                                         #   $5 URL Path and anchor
      (\?#{Twitter::Regex[:valid_url_query_chars]}*#{Twitter::Regex[:valid_url_query_ending_chars]})? #   $6 Query String
    )
  }iox

  def call(status)
    @status = status
    @url    = parse_urls

    return if @url.nil? || @status.preview_cards.any?

    @url = @url.to_s

    RedisLock.acquire(lock_options) do |lock|
      if lock.acquired?
        @card = PreviewCard.find_by(url: @url)
        process_url if @card.nil? || @card.updated_at <= 2.weeks.ago
      end
    end

    attach_card if @card&.persisted?
  rescue HTTP::Error, Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError => e
    Rails.logger.debug "Error fetching link #{@url}: #{e}"
    nil
  end

  private

  def process_url
    @card ||= PreviewCard.new(url: @url)
    res     = Request.new(:head, @url).perform

    return if res.code != 405 && (res.code != 200 || res.mime_type != 'text/html')

    @response = Request.new(:get, @url).perform

    return if @response.code != 200 || @response.mime_type != 'text/html'

    @html = @response.to_s

    attempt_oembed || attempt_opengraph
  end

  def attach_card
    @status.preview_cards << @card
  end

  def parse_urls
    if @status.local?
      urls = @status.text.scan(URL_PATTERN).map { |array| Addressable::URI.parse(array[0]).normalize }
    else
      html  = Nokogiri::HTML(@status.text)
      links = html.css('a')
      urls  = links.map { |a| Addressable::URI.parse(a['href']).normalize unless skip_link?(a) }.compact
    end

    urls.reject { |uri| bad_url?(uri) }.first
  end

  def bad_url?(uri)
    # Avoid local instance URLs and invalid URLs
    uri.host.blank? || TagManager.instance.local_url?(uri.to_s) || !%w(http https).include?(uri.scheme)
  end

  def skip_link?(a)
    # Avoid links for hashtags and mentions (microformats)
    a['rel']&.include?('tag') || a['class']&.include?('u-url')
  end

  def attempt_oembed
    embed = OEmbed::Providers.get(@url, html: @html)

    return false unless embed.respond_to?(:type)

    @card.type          = embed.type
    @card.title         = embed.respond_to?(:title)         ? embed.title         : ''
    @card.author_name   = embed.respond_to?(:author_name)   ? embed.author_name   : ''
    @card.author_url    = embed.respond_to?(:author_url)    ? embed.author_url    : ''
    @card.provider_name = embed.respond_to?(:provider_name) ? embed.provider_name : ''
    @card.provider_url  = embed.respond_to?(:provider_url)  ? embed.provider_url  : ''
    @card.width         = 0
    @card.height        = 0

    case @card.type
    when 'link'
      @card.image = URI.parse(embed.thumbnail_url) if embed.respond_to?(:thumbnail_url)
    when 'photo'
      return false unless embed.respond_to?(:url)
      @card.embed_url = embed.url
      @card.image     = URI.parse(embed.url)
      @card.width     = embed.width.presence  || 0
      @card.height    = embed.height.presence || 0
    when 'video'
      @card.width  = embed.width.presence  || 0
      @card.height = embed.height.presence || 0
      @card.html   = Formatter.instance.sanitize(embed.html, Sanitize::Config::MASTODON_OEMBED)
    when 'rich'
      # Most providers rely on <script> tags, which is a no-no
      return false
    end

    @card.save_with_optional_image!
  rescue OEmbed::NotFound
    false
  end

  def attempt_opengraph
    detector = CharlockHolmes::EncodingDetector.new
    detector.strip_tags = true

    guess = detector.detect(@html, @response.charset)
    page  = Nokogiri::HTML(@html, nil, guess&.fetch(:encoding, nil))

    if meta_property(page, 'twitter:player')
      @card.type   = :video
      @card.width  = meta_property(page, 'twitter:player:width') || 0
      @card.height = meta_property(page, 'twitter:player:height') || 0
      @card.html   = content_tag(:iframe, nil, src: meta_property(page, 'twitter:player'),
                                               width: @card.width,
                                               height: @card.height,
                                               allowtransparency: 'true',
                                               scrolling: 'no',
                                               frameborder: '0')
    else
      @card.type             = :link
      @card.image_remote_url = meta_property(page, 'og:image') if meta_property(page, 'og:image')
    end

    @card.title       = meta_property(page, 'og:title').presence || page.at_xpath('//title')&.content || ''
    @card.description = meta_property(page, 'og:description').presence || meta_property(page, 'description') || ''

    return if @card.title.blank? && @card.html.blank?

    @card.save_with_optional_image!
  end

  def meta_property(page, property)
    page.at_xpath("//meta[@property=\"#{property}\"]")&.attribute('content')&.value || page.at_xpath("//meta[@name=\"#{property}\"]")&.attribute('content')&.value
  end

  def lock_options
    { redis: Redis.current, key: "fetch:#{@url}" }
  end
end